Topic
- これ/それ/あれ/どれ
- この/その/あの/どの
- ここ/そこ/あそこ/どこ
- こちら/そちら/あちら
- だれ の Noun and other interrogative
- Particle も
- Particle か
- じゃないです/じゃありません/ではない
- ね/よ
1) これ/それ/あれ/どれ
- これ/それ/あれ are demonstrative pronouns refers to something
- Used to point to something specific within a sentence
- これ this (one) - refers to the things that is close to you
- それ that (one) - refers to the thing that is close to the person you are talking
- あれ that (one) over there - refers to the thing that is not close to the speaker and to the listener
- どれwhich (one) - an interrogative and answered by (これ/それ/あれ)
in this topic これ/それ/あれ will followed by particle は
これは this (one) is
それは that (one) is
あれは that (one) over there is
これ/それ/あれ は Noun です
This( one) is Mine
Ito ay akin
これ は わたしの です
これは私のです
Kore (wa) watashino desu
That is a pencil
Iyan ay lapis
それ は えんぴつ です
それは鉛筆です
Sore (wa) enpitsu desu
That over there is Mr. Tanaka's house
Iyon ay bahay ni Ginoong Tanaka
あれ は たなか さん のうち です。
あれは田中さんの家です。
Are (wa) Tanaka San no uchi desu
どれ which (one) alin
- there is a two way of asking using どれ
Ex.
Which (one) is Miss Gina's wallet?
Alin ang pitaka ni Binibining Gina?
First)どれ が ジーナ さん の さいふ ですか。
どれ が ジーナ さん の 財布 ですか。
Dore ga jiina san no saifu desu ka
Second)
ジーナ さん の さいふ は どれ ですか。
Jiina San no saifu (wa) Dore desu ka
- when どれ is at the beginning of the question we use particle が after どれ
(どれが/alin Ang)
- whenどれ is at the end of question we use particle は before どれ
Difference between particle は and が
Ex.
This is Mr. Takuya's shoes.
Ito ay sapatos ni Ginoong Takuya.
これ は たくやさん の くつ です。
this example sentence is a statement
This is Mr. Takuya's shoes!
Ito ang sapatos ni Ginoong Takuya
これがたくやさんのくつです。
while in this example it's giving an information
- in this topic we use particle が when answering a question and give an information
- when answering a question just copy and paste it then remove the interrogative question and remove the か at the end of the question.
A: which(one) is Rico's notebook?
alin ang notebook ni Rico?
どれ が リコ さん の ノート ですか
dore ga riko san no nooto desuka
B: that is Rico's notebook.
iyan ang notebook ni Rico
それ が リコさん の ノート です。
sore ga riko san no nooto desu
A:which is Joy's umbrella?
alin Ang payong ni Joy?
ジョイさんのかさはどれですか
ジョイさんの傘はどれですか
joi San no kasa (wa) Dore desu ka
This question can be answered directly
B: This(one)
ito
これです
You can use これ/それ/あれ when we want to talk about things that we don't know the name or don't want to mention the name of the object.
What is that?
Ano iyan?
それ は なん ですか。
それ は 何 ですか。
Sore(wa)Nan desu ka
How much is this?
Magkano ito?
これ は いくら ですか。
Kore(wa)ikura desu ka
A: Is this your book?
Ito ba ay iyong libro?
これ は あなた の ほんですか
これは貴方の本ですか
Kore(wa)anata no hon desu ka
B: yes, that's my book
oo, iyan ay aking libro
はい、それ は わたしの ほん です
はい、それは私の本です
hai, sore (wa) watashino hon desu
A: Is that delicious?
Iyan ba ay masarap?
それ は おいしい ですか。
それは美味しいですか。
Sore(wa)oishii desuka
Ｂ: No, This is bitter.
hindi, ito ay mapait.
いいえ、これ は にがい です
いいえ、これ は 苦い です
iie, kore(wa) nigai desu
A: Which is delicious?
Alin ang masarap?
どれ が おいしい ですか
どれが美味しいですか
Dore ga oishii desu ka
B: that (one) over there is delicious.
iyon ang masarap
あれ が おいしい です
あれ が 美味しいです
are ga oishii desu
A: How much is that?
magkano iyan?
それ は いくら ですか。
sore(wa)ikura desu ka
B: this is 400 yen.
ito ay apat na daang yen
これはよんひゃくえんです
これは400百円です
kore (wa) yon hyaku en desu
If the question is これ you answered it それ
If the question is それyou answered it これ
If the question is あれ you answered it あれ
If the question isどれ you answered it これ/それ/あれ
2) この/その/あの/どの
この/その/あの are also a demonstrative pronouns
when we use この/その/あの it always followed by a noun to be more specific
unlike これ/それ/あれ it can stand alone but この/その/あの it cannot stand alone without a noun
このthis (refer to something or someone that near to the speaker).
そのthat (refer to something or someone that near to the listener).
あの that over there ( refer to something or someone that is not near to the speaker and to the listener.
どの which (an interrogative and answered by この/その/あの)
この/その/あの Noun
〰️This book
Itong libro
このほん
Kono hon
〰️That shirt
Iyang kamiseta
そのシャツ
Sono shatsu
〰️That person over there
Ang taong iyon
あのひと
Ano hito
この/その/あの Noun は description です
we use this when we want to describe the specific object
This book is expensive.
Itong libro ay Mahal.
この ほん は たかい です。
この本は高いです。
Kono hon (wa) takai desu
That shirt is cheap.
Iyang kamiseta ay mura./ Ang kamisetang iyan ay mura
その シャツ は やすい です。
そのシャツは安いです。
Sono shatsu (wa) yasui desu
That person over there is my friend.
Ang taong iyon ay aking kaibigan.
あの ひと は わたしの ともだち です。
あの人は私の友達です。
Ano hito (wa) watashino tomodachi desu
Which clock is 100 peso?
Aling orasan ang isang daang piso?
どの とけい が ひゃくペソ ですか。
どの時計が百ペソですか
Dono tokei ga hyaku peso desu ka
When we use どの we put it in the beginning of the question and it always followed by a noun
A: which food is delicious
aling pagkain Ang masarap?
どのたべものがおいしいですか。
どの食物がおいしいですか。
dono tabemono ga oishii desu ka
B: this food is delicious.
ang pagkaing ito Ang masarap.
このたべものがおいしいです
この食物が美味しいです
kono tabemono ga oishii desu.
When answering a question, just copy and paste the question, then remove the interrogative and か at the end of question, and replace the interrogative with the specific answer.
Kapag sasagot sa katanungan kopyahin ang buong tanong, alisin lamang Ang pananong (alin/saan/ kailan/ magkano/ Sino at Kung ano pang pananong) at palitan ito NG angkop na sagot, alisin din Ang か sa dulo para Hindi ito managing pananong.
A: is this bag is your's?
itong bag ba ay sa iyo?
この かばん は あなたの ですか
この鞄は貴方のですか
kono kaban (wa) anatano desu ka
B:yes, that bag is mine.
oo, iyang bag ay akin.
はい、その かばん は わたしのです。
その 鞄 は 私のです。
sono kaban (wa)watashino desu
If the question is この you answered it その
If the question is その you answered it この
If the question is あのyou answered it あの
If the question isどの you answered it この/その/あの
3) ここ/そこ/あそこ/どこ
ここ/そこ/あそこ are demonstrative pronouns that refer to a place
ここhere(dito)
そこ there (refer to the place that is not near to the speaker) diyan
あそこover there (refer to the place that is not near to the speaker and to the listener) doon
どこ where (interrogative and answered by ここ/そこ/あそこ)saan
A:Where is the library?
saan Ang silid aklatan?
としょかんはどこですか。
図書館はどこですか。
Toshokan (wa) doko desu ka
B:the library is here.
ang silid aklatan ay dito.
としょかん は ここ です。
図書館はここです。
toshokan (wa) Koko desu
But you can also answered it directly.
A: where is the SM?
Saan Ang SM?
ｓｍ は どこ ですか。
B: Over there
Doon
あそこです。
asoko desu
A: Is Mr James is there?
Andyan ba si Ginoong James
ジェームズさんはそこですか。
Jeemuzu San (wa) soko desu ka
B:Yes, Mr. James is here.
Oo, Si Ginoong James ay nandito
はい、(ジェームズさんは)ここです
When using ここ/そこ/あそこyou can put it on the beginning or at the end of the sentence or question. But どこ is always at the end of the question.
The coffee shop is here
Dito ay tindahan NG kape
ここはきっさてんです
ここは喫茶店です
Koko (wa) kissaten desu
The coffee shop is here.
Ang tindahan NG kape ay dito
きっさてんはここです
喫茶店はここです
Kissaten (wa) Koko desu
Even you put ここ/そこ/あそこat the beginning or the end it has same meaning
4) こちら/そちら/あちら/どちら
こちら/そちら/あちらis a demonstrative pronouns
refer to a person, place or things
we use this to be more polite
〰️こちらthis person/this way/this one
〰️そちらthat person/that way/that one
〰️あちらthat person over there/ Over there/ that one over there
〰️どちら who/ where/ which(an interrogative and answered by こちら/そちら/あちら)
This is Mr. Suzuki
Ito ay si Mr. Suzuki
こちらはすずきさんです
Kochira (wa) Suzuki San desu
Mr. Tanaka's House is Over there.
Ang bahay ni Ginoong Tanaka ay doon.
たなかさんのうちはあちらです。
田中さんの家はあちらです。
Tanaka San no uchi (wa) Achira desu.
A:Which is Mr. Takeshi's bag?
ang bag ni Ginoong takeshi ay alin?
たけしさんのかばんはどちらですか。
Takeshi San no kaban (wa) dochira desuka
B:This is Mr. Takeshi's bag
ang bag ni takeshi ay ito
たけし の かばん は こちら です
takeshi no kaban (wa) kochira desu
When using こちら/そちら/あちら/どちら you can put it at the beginningor or at the end of a sentence or a question.
Which (one) is good?
Alin ang ok?
どちらが いい ですか。
Dochira ga ii desu ka
5) だれ の noun (whose noun)
だれのis an interrogative that we use if we want to ask who is the owner of the noun
A:Whose jeans is this?
Ito ay kaninong maong?
これはだれのジーンズですか。
Kore (wa) dare no jiinzu desu ka
B:that jeans is mine.
ang maong na iyan ay akin.
それ は わたしの ジーンズ です。
sore (wa) watashino jiinzu desu
A:Whose personal computer is that?
Iyon ay kaninong personal computer?
それはだれのパソコンですか
sore (wa) dare no pasokon desu ka
B: this is Mr. Yamato's personal computer
ito ay Kay Ginoong Yamato na PC.
これ は やまと さん の パソコン です
kore (wa) Yamato San no pasokon desu
A: Itong wallet ay kanino?
この さいふ は だれの ですか
この財布は誰のですか
Kono saifu (wa) dare no desu ka
B:That wallet is Mr. Yamashita's (one).
iyang wallet ay kay Ginoong yamashita
その さいふ は やましたさんの です
その財布は山下さんのです
sono saifu (wa) yamashita San no desu
A: Whose mother is that person over there?
Ang taong iyon ay kaninong ina?
あのひとはだれのおかあさんですか。
あの人は誰のお母さんですか。
ano hito (wa)dare no okaasan desu ka
B:That person over there is my mother.
Ang taong iyon ay aking ina.
あのひとはわたしのははです。
あの人は私の母です。
ano hito (wa) watashino haha desu
いくらhow much
〰️We use this if we want to ask the price of the object
How much is that pen?
Mangkano Ang pen na iyan?/ Iyang pen ay magkano?
その ペンは いくら ですか。
Sono pen (wa) ikura desu ka
なんですか
What is that?
Ano iyan
それはなんです。
それは何ですか。
Sore(wa)Nan desu ka?
なんの we use this to ask what is the brand
これはなんのえんぴつですか。
これは何の鉛筆ですか。
Kore (wa) Nan no enpitsu desu ka
どこの we use this to ask where the noun came from
A:それはどこのシャツですか
B:これはイタリアのシャツです。
6) Particle も(also)
when using particle も, particle は and particle が will replace particle も
Noun も
Mr. Yamada is a Japanese.
Si Ginoong Yamada ay hapon.
やまだはにほんじんです。
山田さんは日本人です。
Yamada san (wa) nihon Jin desu
Mr. Satoushi is also a Japanese.
Si Ginoong Satoushi din ay hapon.
さとうしさんもにほんじんです。
佐藤氏さんも日本人です。
Satoushi San mo nihon Jin desu
I am a student. Are you also a student?
Ako ay estudyante, ikaw din ba ay estudyante?
わたし は がくせい です、あなた も がくせい ですか
私は学生です、貴方も学生ですか。
Watashi (wa) gakusei desu, Anata mo gakusei desu ka?
A:Which is good?
Alin Ang ok?
どちらがいいですか。
どちらが良いですか。
Dochira ga ii desu ka
B:Both are good
Parehong ok
どちらもいいです。
どちらも良いです
Dochira mo ii desu
〰️This meat is delicious.
Ang karneng ito ay masarap.
このにくはおいしいです
この肉は美味しいです
kono niku (wa) oishii desu
〰️Is that fish is also delicious?
masarap din ba Ang isdang iyan?
そのさかなも美味しいですか。
その魚も美味しいですか。
sono sakana mo oishii desu ka
This is expensive. That is also expensive.
Ito ay mahal. Iyan din ay Mahal.
これはたかいです。それもたかいです
これは高いです。それも高いです。
Kore wa takai desu. Sore mo takai desu
But you can't say that the "noun is ____ and also______. "❌
This meat is good and also cheap
このにくはいいもやすいです❌
7) か (or)
か is a conjunction use to link two or more alternatives.
Which is delicious? Fish or vegetables?
Alin Ang masarap? Isda o gulay?
どれ が おいしい ですか。さかなです か やさいですか
どれが美味しいですか。魚です か 野菜ですか
Dore ga oishii desu ka sakana desu ka yasai desuka
Bag or wallet
かばんです か さいふですか
鞄です か 財布ですか
Kaban desu ka saifu desuka
This one or that one?
Ito o iyan?
これです か それですか。
Kore desu ka sore desu ka
8) じゃないです/じゃありません
ではないです/ではありません
〰️is not(Hindi)
〰️Use as a function word to make negative a group of noun and なadjective
〰️Use to disagree with what someone said about something or someone
〰️Use to express negation or denial
| Affirmative | negative |
| しんせつです Kind | しんせつじゃないです しんせつじゃありません しんせつではないです しんせつではありません Not kind |
| げんきです Healthy Energetic | げんきじゃないです げんきじゃありません げんきではないです げんきではありません Is Not healthy Is Not energetic |
| ひまです Free time Day off | ひまじゃないです ひまじゃありません ひまではないです ひまではありません Is Not free time Is Not a day off |
| がくせいです student | がくせいじゃないです がくせいじゃありません がくせいではないです がくせいではありません Is not a student |
| せんせいです teacher. | せんせいじゃないです せんせいじゃありません せんせいではないです せんせいではありません Is not a teacher |
Mr. Takeshi is not a doctor.
Si Ginoong Takeshi ay Hindi doctor.
たけしさんはいしゃじゃないです
Tekeshi San (wa) Isha janai desu
Mr. Takuya is not also a doctor.
Si Ginoong Takuya ay Hindi Rin doctor.
たくやさんもいしゃではないです
Takuya San mo Isha (dewa) nai desu
A:Are you free tomorrow?
libre ka ba bukas?
あした(は)ひまですか
明日(は)暇ですか
ashita (wa) hima desu ka
B:No, I'm not free tomorrow.
Hindi, Hindi ako libre bukas.
いいえ、あした(は)ひまじゃありません。
いいえ、明日(は)暇じゃありません。
iie, ashita (wa) hima ja arimasen
It's ok if you don't put a particle は in きょう/あした/あさって if you don't mean it to be a subject or a topic in a sentence
| じゃない this is casual (is not) じゃありませんpolite of じゃない ではありません more formal than じゃありません ではないcasual of ではありません |
Conjugation of いadjective to make it negative
| Affirmative | negative |
| たかいです Tall Expensive | たかくないです Is not expensive Is not tall |
| やすいです Cheap | やすくないです Is Not cheap |
| おいしいです Delicious | おいしくないです Is not delicious |
Remove i(い) then add kunai(くない)
たかいexpensive
たか
たかくないnot expensive
This bag is not expensive
Itong bag ay Hindi Mahal
このかばんはたかくないです。
この鞄は高くないです。
Kono kaban (wa)takakunai desu
That bag is also not expensive.
Ang bag na iyon ay Hindi Rin Mahal
そのかばんもたかくないです。
その鞄も高くないです。
Sono kaban mo takakunai desu
9) ね/よ
ね and よ is also a particle that we put at the end of a phrase or a sentence
ね and よ is an expression
〰️ね is use when the speaker is seeking a listener confirmation or an agreement.
〰️よ is use when the speaker is giving an information to a listener.
Ex.
Miss Mary is kind right?
Si Maria ay maganda di ba?
メアリーさんはしんせつですね。
メアリーさんは親切ですね。
Mearii San wa shinsetsu desu ne
A:This vegetable is delicious right?
ang gulay na ito ay masarap Diba?
このやさいはおいしいですね。
この野菜は美味しいですね。
kono yasai (wa) oishii desu ne
B:It's not delicious!
hindi ha masarap./Hindi Naman masarap
おいしくないですよ。
美味しくないですよ。
oishikunai desu yo
The intonation of ね is low ⬇️
While the intonation of よis high ⬆️
No comments:
Post a Comment